The characterization is done by a holistic model-based approach. The FMCW transceivers are calibrated using a frequency-domain model that describes the systematic errors in the measurement setup. The radar transceivers perform fast and accurate measurements from 200 to 250 GHz within milliseconds.

The complex permittivity of dielectric and nonmagnetic materials is derived from radar echoes using a high-gain dielectric lens antenna setup and a measurement setup comprising elliptic mirrors. This paper presents a measurement setup, an extraction algorithm, and the results from material characterization measurements in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) regime using ultrawideband frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar transceivers. It offers a comprehensive reference guide for beginners to experts, in both academia and industry, whose work involves the field of network analysis, instrumentation and measurements. The book concludes with an in-depth description of the novel verification artefacts used to assess the performance of the VNAs. The book subsequently discusses the dimensional characterization of waveguide standards and the quality of the vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques.

It proposes a fully analytical approach to measurement uncertainty evaluation, while also highlighting the interaction and the linear propagation of different uncertainty sources to compute the final uncertainties associated with the measurements. This book describes vector network analyzer measurements and uncertainty assessments, particularly in waveguide test-set environments, in order to establish their compatibility to the International System of Units (SI) for accurate and reliable characterization of communication networks.

Vna vector network analyzer